Human methylome studies SRP533334 Track Settings
 
Methylation patterns of the nasal epigenome of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients reveal insights into molecular mechanisms of COVID-19 [Nasopharyngeal Swab]

Track collection: Human methylome studies

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SRX26114832 
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 SRX26114832  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114832 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114832  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114832 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114833  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114833 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114833  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114833 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114834  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114834 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114834  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114834 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114835  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114835 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114835  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114835 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114836  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114836 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114836  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114836 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114837  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114837 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114837  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114837 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114838  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114838 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114838  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114838 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114839  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114839 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114839  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114839 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114840  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114840 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114840  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114840 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114841  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114841 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114841  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114841 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114842  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114842 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114842  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114842 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114843  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114843 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114843  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114843 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114844  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114844 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114844  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114844 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114845  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114845 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114845  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114845 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114846  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114846 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114846  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114846 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114847  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114847 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114847  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114847 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114848  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114848 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114848  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114848 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114849  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114849 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114849  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114849 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114850  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114850 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114850  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114850 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114851  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114851 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114851  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114851 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114852  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114852 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114852  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114852 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114853  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114853 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114853  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114853 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114854  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114854 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114854  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114854 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114855  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114855 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114855  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114855 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114856  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114856 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114856  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114856 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114857  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114857 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114857  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114857 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114858  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114858 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114858  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114858 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114859  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114859 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114859  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114859 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114860  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114860 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114860  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114860 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114861  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114861 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114861  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114861 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114862  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114862 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114862  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114862 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114863  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114863 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114863  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114863 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114864  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114864 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114864  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114864 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114865  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114865 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114865  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114865 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114866  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114866 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114866  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114866 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114867  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114867 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114867  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114867 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114868  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114868 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114868  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114868 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114869  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114869 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114869  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114869 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114870  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114870 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114870  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114870 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114871  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114871 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114871  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114871 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114872  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114872 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114872  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114872 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114873  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114873 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114873  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114873 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114874  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114874 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114874  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114874 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114875  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114875 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114875  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114875 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114876  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114876 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114876  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114876 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114877  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114877 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114877  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114877 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114878  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114878 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114878  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114878 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114879  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114879 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114879  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114879 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114880  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114880 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114880  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114880 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114881  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114881 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114881  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114881 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114882  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114882 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114882  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114882 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114883  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114883 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114883  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114883 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114884  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114884 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114884  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114884 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114885  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114885 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114885  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114885 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114886  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114886 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114886  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114886 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114887  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114887 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114887  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114887 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114888  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114888 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114888  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114888 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114889  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114889 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114889  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114889 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114890  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114890 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114890  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114890 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114891  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114891 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114891  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114891 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
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 SRX26114892  HMR  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114892 (HMR)   Data format 
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 SRX26114892  CpG methylation  Nasopharyngeal Swab / SRX26114892 (CpG methylation)   Data format 
    
Assembly: Human Dec. 2013 (GRCh38/hg38)

Study title: Methylation patterns of the nasal epigenome of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients reveal insights into molecular mechanisms of COVID-19
SRA: SRP533334
GEO: not found
Pubmed: not found

Experiment Label Methylation Coverage HMRs HMR size AMRs AMR size PMDs PMD size Conversion Title
SRX26114832 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.699 15.1 69842 1161.8 2096 972.6 3163 13520.6 0.992 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114833 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.741 12.0 70087 1225.5 1056 981.2 3449 16372.7 0.994 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114834 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.706 12.5 69837 1179.9 1127 996.0 2651 13460.3 0.994 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114835 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.724 12.5 41435 1141.0 1843 959.2 2527 9976.6 0.993 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114836 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.718 11.9 39007 1198.4 1308 955.5 2290 9909.6 0.994 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114837 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.652 22.1 56155 968.6 11046 981.3 3492 13608.7 0.994 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114838 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.698 17.7 94990 1115.2 1323 1065.1 3072 14615.2 0.994 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114839 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.729 18.8 57781 981.4 4168 918.6 3662 11287.9 0.994 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114840 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.739 14.6 50178 1037.3 4589 904.8 3257 11913.2 0.994 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114841 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.739 14.1 56832 1012.2 3003 863.4 3411 13224.5 0.993 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114842 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.698 13.8 49271 1021.1 5633 959.3 2995 10933.9 0.994 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114843 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.697 13.4 81594 1100.0 687 957.3 3025 15276.8 0.994 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114844 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.764 10.4 55502 1006.8 393 905.7 3118 10794.1 0.994 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114845 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.747 8.2 39495 1182.3 639 863.0 1684 15767.5 0.994 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114846 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.676 8.3 37730 1223.8 1825 872.4 1465 16527.0 0.993 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114847 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.616 20.2 62219 868.4 4751 939.0 3805 10519.7 0.994 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114848 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.713 15.1 52398 990.8 4010 909.4 3486 11094.6 0.994 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114849 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.659 19.6 49343 991.5 10067 974.6 3265 10747.0 0.993 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114850 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.727 17.2 49213 1047.8 2646 937.7 2884 10655.0 0.993 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114851 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.640 19.0 48263 1022.1 12413 998.3 3623 11815.9 0.994 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114852 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.762 12.2 57841 984.6 680 894.8 3660 10955.3 0.993 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114853 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.750 12.3 48574 1070.5 5010 925.5 3426 12367.5 0.993 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114854 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.732 12.8 59537 1206.5 2467 941.2 2784 14298.3 0.994 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114855 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.733 5.1 38380 1327.4 521 956.9 902 27102.0 0.993 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114856 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.752 21.7 52822 1048.1 6320 944.0 3386 11836.3 0.994 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114857 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.715 13.7 42914 1113.8 5860 918.9 3171 11147.4 0.994 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114858 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.724 9.5 37129 1245.0 973 849.6 2935 9123.5 0.993 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114859 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.673 15.8 68464 860.1 4175 974.9 3682 8980.3 0.993 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114860 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.752 16.1 62685 937.3 1292 880.1 3848 9630.8 0.993 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114861 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.683 10.0 42721 1126.7 1879 901.6 2667 9971.0 0.994 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114862 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.744 17.8 53980 1018.2 3212 848.4 3223 11906.4 0.993 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114863 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.759 16.9 70404 905.1 983 872.0 3866 11161.0 0.993 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114864 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.746 9.8 44079 1136.0 2005 898.1 3177 10993.0 0.994 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114865 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.694 16.2 76715 1163.4 1373 1041.5 3191 14698.7 0.993 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114866 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.741 16.0 60030 979.1 2469 939.2 3129 11825.1 0.994 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114867 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.714 6.9 45165 1198.9 346 859.8 1915 15185.0 0.994 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114868 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.753 11.5 55839 1019.6 726 896.8 3622 10920.6 0.993 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114869 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.757 11.8 45332 1097.0 4052 887.8 3150 12340.3 0.994 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114870 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.725 12.1 41815 1125.5 2823 886.6 2972 10978.3 0.994 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114871 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.653 15.6 43293 1052.7 4215 985.7 2809 10434.8 0.992 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114872 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.759 14.2 51831 1035.4 3001 850.2 3523 11003.0 0.994 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114873 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.733 14.4 45410 1094.4 6578 934.4 3018 11452.6 0.994 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114874 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.717 14.9 78505 1155.1 1238 902.3 3521 15116.8 0.994 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114875 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.735 10.4 43782 1137.4 1112 862.3 3254 9754.8 0.994 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114876 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.747 9.1 50196 1116.0 505 897.9 3361 12011.0 0.994 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114877 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.712 15.7 48222 1041.7 1481 887.7 2942 8658.5 0.993 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114878 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.754 13.4 49479 1060.0 3145 867.6 3300 10169.0 0.993 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114879 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.754 9.3 54008 1027.9 530 889.5 1868 19670.4 0.994 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114880 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.711 15.3 78285 1173.9 1219 1053.9 3224 15721.5 0.993 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114881 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.723 11.8 69360 1184.4 572 937.0 3169 15062.5 0.993 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114882 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.742 14.1 53935 1020.8 2699 860.2 3779 10889.6 0.993 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114883 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.738 13.2 42476 1090.7 2775 884.7 3429 10598.6 0.993 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114884 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.727 11.3 56024 1007.6 852 940.5 3623 9390.6 0.993 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114885 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.755 13.4 62120 963.7 740 882.9 3805 11110.8 0.993 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114886 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.736 11.3 50919 1058.1 2570 857.2 3441 11217.7 0.993 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114887 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.708 5.6 36408 1353.0 379 967.8 1496 18373.5 0.993 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114888 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.745 13.7 52165 1026.6 2726 860.3 3286 10375.7 0.994 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114889 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.674 15.1 49738 1020.6 1229 940.4 2660 9585.9 0.993 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114890 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.719 9.5 50016 1054.0 776 925.1 3374 10105.7 0.994 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114891 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.721 13.2 41584 1141.0 3236 954.2 2753 10191.9 0.993 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients
SRX26114892 Nasopharyngeal Swab 0.698 13.6 47092 1092.8 6311 937.4 3141 13289.5 0.993 Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients

Methods

All analysis was done using a bisulfite sequnecing data analysis pipeline DNMTools developed in the Smith lab at USC.

Mapping reads from bisulfite sequencing: Bisulfite treated reads are mapped to the genomes with the abismal program. Input reads are filtered by their quality, and adapter sequences in the 3' end of reads are trimmed. This is done with cutadapt. Uniquely mapped reads with mismatches/indels below given threshold are retained. For pair-end reads, if the two mates overlap, the overlapping part of the mate with lower quality is discarded. After mapping, we use the format command in dnmtools to merge mates for paired-end reads. We use the dnmtools uniq command to randomly select one from multiple reads mapped exactly to the same location. Without random oligos as UMIs, this is our best indication of PCR duplicates.

Estimating methylation levels: After reads are mapped and filtered, the dnmtools counts command is used to obtain read coverage and estimate methylation levels at individual cytosine sites. We count the number of methylated reads (those containing a C) and the number of unmethylated reads (those containing a T) at each nucleotide in a mapped read that corresponds to a cytosine in the reference genome. The methylation level of that cytosine is estimated as the ratio of methylated to total reads covering that cytosine. For cytosines in the symmetric CpG sequence context, reads from the both strands are collapsed to give a single estimate. Very rarely do the levels differ between strands (typically only if there has been a substitution, as in a somatic mutation), and this approach gives a better estimate.

Bisulfite conversion rate: The bisulfite conversion rate for an experiment is estimated with the dnmtools bsrate command, which computes the fraction of successfully converted nucleotides in reads (those read out as Ts) among all nucleotides in the reads mapped that map over cytosines in the reference genome. This is done either using a spike-in (e.g., lambda), the mitochondrial DNA, or the nuclear genome. In the latter case, only non-CpG sites are used. While this latter approach can be impacted by non-CpG cytosine methylation, in practice it never amounts to much.

Identifying hypomethylated regions (HMRs): In most mammalian cells, the majority of the genome has high methylation, and regions of low methylation are typically the interesting features. (This seems to be true for essentially all healthy differentiated cell types, but not cells of very early embryogenesis, various germ cells and precursors, and placental lineage cells.) These are valleys of low methylation are called hypomethylated regions (HMR) for historical reasons. To identify the HMRs, we use the dnmtools hmr command, which uses a statistical model that accounts for both the methylation level fluctations and the varying amounts of data available at each CpG site.

Partially methylated domains: Partially methylated domains are large genomic regions showing partial methylation observed in immortalized cell lines and cancerous cells. The pmd program is used to identify PMDs.

Allele-specific methylation: Allele-Specific methylated regions refers to regions where the parental allele is differentially methylated compared to the maternal allele. The program allelic is used to compute allele-specific methylation score can be computed for each CpG site by testing the linkage between methylation status of adjacent reads, and the program amrfinder is used to identify regions with allele-specific methylation.

For more detailed description of the methods of each step, please refer to the DNMTools documentation.