ID:RPTOR_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Regulatory-associated protein of mTOR; Short=Raptor; AltName: Full=p150 target of rapamycin (TOR)-scaffold protein; FUNCTION: Involved in the control of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity which regulates cell growth and survival, and autophagy in response to nutrient and hormonal signals; functions as a scaffold for recruiting mTORC1 substrates. mTORC1 is activated in response to growth factors or amino acids. Growth factor-stimulated mTORC1 activation involves a AKT1- mediated phosphorylation of TSC1-TSC2, which leads to the activation of the RHEB GTPase that potently activates the protein kinase activity of mTORC1. Amino acid-signaling to mTORC1 requires its relocalization to the lysosomes mediated by the Ragulator complex and the Rag GTPases. Activated mTORC1 up-regulates protein synthesis by phosphorylating key regulators of mRNA translation and ribosome synthesis. mTORC1 phosphorylates EIF4EBP1 and releases it from inhibiting the elongation initiation factor 4E (eiF4E). mTORC1 phosphorylates and activates S6K1 at 'Thr-389', which then promotes protein synthesis by phosphorylating PDCD4 and targeting it for degradation. SUBUNIT: Interacts with MTOR (By similarity). Part of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) which contains MTOR, MLST8, RPTOR, AKT1S1/PRAS40 and DEPTOR. mTORC1 binds to and is inhibited by FKBP12-rapamycin. Binds directly to 4EBP1 and RPS6KB1 independently of its association with MTOR. Binds preferentially to poorly or non-phosphorylated forms of EIF4EBP1, and this binding is critical to the ability of MTOR to catalyze phosphorylation. Forms a complex with MTOR under both leucine-rich and -poor conditions. Interacts with ULK1 in a nutrient-dependent manner; the interaction is reduced during starvation. Interacts (when phosphorylated by AMPK) with 14-3-3 protein, leading to inhibit its activity. INTERACTION: Q13541:EIF4EBP1; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-1567928, EBI-74090; Q9P2J5:LARS; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-1567928, EBI-356077; Q9BVC4:MLST8; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-1567928, EBI-1387471; P42345:MTOR; NbExp=12; IntAct=EBI-1567928, EBI-359260; Q9JLN9:Mtor (xeno); NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-1567928, EBI-1571628; Q8TCU6:PREX1; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-1567928, EBI-1046542; P67999:Rps6kb1 (xeno); NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-1567928, EBI-2639458; Q96EB6:SIRT1; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-1567928, EBI-1802965; SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Lysosome. Note=Targeting to lysosomes depends on amino acid availability. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Highly expressed in skeletal muscle, and in a lesser extent in brain, lung, small intestine, kidney and placenta. PTM: Phosphorylation at Ser-863 by MTOR negatively regulates mTORC1 activity (By similarity). In response to nutrient limitation, phosphorylated by AMPK; phosphorylation promotes interaction with 14-3-3 proteins, leading to negative regulation of the mTORC1 complex. In response to growth factors, phosphorylated at Ser-719, Ser-721 and Ser-722 by RPS6KA1; phosphorylation positively stimulates mTORC1 activity. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WD repeat RAPTOR family. SIMILARITY: Contains 7 WD repeats.
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on Q8N122
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
Molecular Function: GO:0001030 RNA polymerase III type 1 promoter DNA binding GO:0001031 RNA polymerase III type 2 promoter DNA binding GO:0001032 RNA polymerase III type 3 promoter DNA binding GO:0001156 TFIIIC-class transcription factor binding GO:0005515 protein binding GO:0019901 protein kinase binding GO:0030291 protein serine/threonine kinase inhibitor activity GO:0030295 protein kinase activator activity GO:0030674 protein binding, bridging GO:0044877 macromolecular complex binding GO:0071889 14-3-3 protein binding
Biological Process: GO:0001558 regulation of cell growth GO:0001938 positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation GO:0007050 cell cycle arrest GO:0008361 regulation of cell size GO:0009267 cellular response to starvation GO:0010506 regulation of autophagy GO:0010800 positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation GO:0016241 regulation of macroautophagy GO:0030307 positive regulation of cell growth GO:0031669 cellular response to nutrient levels GO:0031929 TOR signaling GO:0032008 positive regulation of TOR signaling GO:0032147 activation of protein kinase activity GO:0033138 positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation GO:0038202 TORC1 signaling GO:0042325 regulation of phosphorylation GO:0045945 positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter GO:0071230 cellular response to amino acid stimulus GO:0071233 cellular response to leucine GO:0071901 negative regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity GO:0071902 positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity GO:1900034 regulation of cellular response to heat GO:1900087 positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
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Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases 
Common Gene Haplotype Alleles 
