Human Gene PALM (ENST00000338448.10_5) from GENCODE V47lift37
  Description: paralemmin, transcript variant 1 (from RefSeq NM_002579.3)
Gencode Transcript: ENST00000338448.10_5
Gencode Gene: ENSG00000099864.18_10
Transcript (Including UTRs)
   Position: hg19 chr19:708,935-748,329 Size: 39,395 Total Exon Count: 9 Strand: +
Coding Region
   Position: hg19 chr19:709,147-746,814 Size: 37,668 Coding Exon Count: 9 

Page IndexSequence and LinksUniProtKB CommentsPrimersCTDGene Alleles
RNA-Seq ExpressionMicroarray ExpressionRNA StructureProtein StructureOther SpeciesGO Annotations
mRNA DescriptionsOther NamesModel InformationMethods
Data last updated at UCSC: 2024-08-22 23:36:26

-  Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases
 
Genomic Sequence (chr19:708,935-748,329)mRNA (may differ from genome)Protein (387 aa)
Gene SorterGenome BrowserOther Species FASTAVisiGeneGene interactionsTable Schema
AlphaFoldBioGPSEnsemblEntrez GeneExonPrimerGeneCards
HGNCMGIOMIMPubMedUniProtKBWikipedia
BioGrid CRISPR DB

-  Comments and Description Text from UniProtKB
  ID: PALM_HUMAN
DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Paralemmin-1; AltName: Full=Paralemmin; Flags: Precursor;
FUNCTION: Involved in plasma membrane dynamics and cell process formation. Isoform 1 and isoform 2 are necessary for axonal and dendritic filopodia induction, for dendritic spine maturation and synapse formation in a palmitoylation-dependent manner.
SUBUNIT: Interacts with dopamine receptor DRD3.
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side. Cell projection, filopodium membrane; Lipid-anchor. Cell projection, axon (By similarity). Cell projection, dendrite (By similarity). Cell projection, dendritic spine (By similarity). Basolateral cell membrane; Lipid-anchor (By similarity). Apicolateral cell membrane; Lipid-anchor (By similarity). Note=Translocation to the plasma membrane is enhanced upon stimulation of neuronal activity.
TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Widely expressed with highest expression in brain and testis and intermediate expression in heart and adrenal gland.
SIMILARITY: Belongs to the paralemmin family.

-  Primer design for this transcript
 

Primer3Plus can design qPCR Primers that straddle exon-exon-junctions, which amplify only cDNA, not genomic DNA.
Click here to load the transcript sequence and exon structure into Primer3Plus

Exonprimer can design one pair of Sanger sequencing primers around every exon, located in non-genic sequence.
Click here to open Exonprimer with this transcript

To design primers for a non-coding sequence, zoom to a region of interest and select from the drop-down menu: View > In External Tools > Primer3


-  Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)
  The following chemicals interact with this gene           more ... click here to view the complete list

+  Common Gene Haplotype Alleles
  Press "+" in the title bar above to open this section.

-  RNA-Seq Expression Data from GTEx (53 Tissues, 570 Donors)
  Highest median expression: 112.44 RPKM in Brain - Anterior cingulate cortex (BA24)
Total median expression: 1581.42 RPKM



View in GTEx track of Genome Browser    View at GTEx portal     View GTEx Body Map

+  Microarray Expression Data
  Press "+" in the title bar above to open this section.

-  mRNA Secondary Structure of 3' and 5' UTRs
 
RegionFold EnergyBasesEnergy/Base
Display As
5' UTR -88.60212-0.418 Picture PostScript Text
3' UTR -692.401515-0.457 Picture PostScript Text

The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.

-  Protein Domain and Structure Information
  InterPro Domains: Graphical view of domain structure
IPR004965 - Paralemmin

Pfam Domains:
PF03285 - Paralemmin

ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on O75781
FrontTopSide
The pictures above may be empty if there is no ModBase structure for the protein. The ModBase structure frequently covers just a fragment of the protein. You may be asked to log onto ModBase the first time you click on the pictures. It is simplest after logging in to just click on the picture again to get to the specific info on that model.

-  Orthologous Genes in Other Species
  Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
MouseRatZebrafishD. melanogasterC. elegansS. cerevisiae
No orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo ortholog
Gene DetailsGene Details    
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-  Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
  Molecular Function:
GO:0005515 protein binding
GO:0031750 D3 dopamine receptor binding

Biological Process:
GO:0007010 cytoskeleton organization
GO:0007193 adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
GO:0007194 negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity
GO:0008104 protein localization
GO:0008360 regulation of cell shape
GO:0051491 positive regulation of filopodium assembly
GO:0060074 synapse maturation
GO:0060160 negative regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway
GO:0071257 cellular response to electrical stimulus
GO:0072659 protein localization to plasma membrane

Cellular Component:
GO:0005634 nucleus
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
GO:0005887 integral component of plasma membrane
GO:0014069 postsynaptic density
GO:0016020 membrane
GO:0016323 basolateral plasma membrane
GO:0016327 apicolateral plasma membrane
GO:0030175 filopodium
GO:0030424 axon
GO:0030425 dendrite
GO:0031410 cytoplasmic vesicle
GO:0031527 filopodium membrane
GO:0032590 dendrite membrane
GO:0032591 dendritic spine membrane
GO:0042995 cell projection
GO:0043197 dendritic spine
GO:0043231 intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
GO:0044309 neuron spine


-  Descriptions from all associated GenBank mRNAs
  JD406090 - Sequence 387114 from Patent EP1572962.
JD458671 - Sequence 439695 from Patent EP1572962.
JD125316 - Sequence 106340 from Patent EP1572962.
JD390542 - Sequence 371566 from Patent EP1572962.
AK299809 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ52739 complete cds, highly similar to Paralemmin.
JD405836 - Sequence 386860 from Patent EP1572962.
AK315168 - Homo sapiens cDNA, FLJ96143, highly similar to Homo sapiens paralemmin (PALM), mRNA.
BC032449 - Homo sapiens paralemmin, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:40339 IMAGE:5179938), complete cds.
Y14770 - Homo sapiens mRNA for paralemmin.
CU689378 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens gateway clone IMAGE:100019195 5' read PALM mRNA.
HQ447328 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone IMAGE:100070644; CCSB009702_02 paralemmin (PALM) gene, encodes complete protein.
KJ897294 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone ccsbBroadEn_06688 PALM gene, encodes complete protein.
Y16278 - Homo sapiens mRNA for paralemin.
BC019596 - Homo sapiens paralemmin, mRNA (cDNA clone IMAGE:4933784).
D87460 - Homo sapiens mRNA for KIAA0270 gene, partial cds.
AK022919 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ12857 fis, clone NT2RP2003513, highly similar to Homo sapiens paralemmin (PALM), transcript variant 2, mRNA.
AK301181 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ52776 complete cds, highly similar to Paralemmin.
JD210451 - Sequence 191475 from Patent EP1572962.
JD194541 - Sequence 175565 from Patent EP1572962.
JD426894 - Sequence 407918 from Patent EP1572962.
JD339154 - Sequence 320178 from Patent EP1572962.
JD223030 - Sequence 204054 from Patent EP1572962.
JD070913 - Sequence 51937 from Patent EP1572962.
JD189435 - Sequence 170459 from Patent EP1572962.
JD175282 - Sequence 156306 from Patent EP1572962.
JD218969 - Sequence 199993 from Patent EP1572962.
JD496058 - Sequence 477082 from Patent EP1572962.
JD054793 - Sequence 35817 from Patent EP1572962.
JD481763 - Sequence 462787 from Patent EP1572962.
JD342966 - Sequence 323990 from Patent EP1572962.
JD425681 - Sequence 406705 from Patent EP1572962.
JD390050 - Sequence 371074 from Patent EP1572962.
JD239790 - Sequence 220814 from Patent EP1572962.
JD190606 - Sequence 171630 from Patent EP1572962.
JD540492 - Sequence 521516 from Patent EP1572962.
JD452408 - Sequence 433432 from Patent EP1572962.
JD058180 - Sequence 39204 from Patent EP1572962.
JD154196 - Sequence 135220 from Patent EP1572962.
JD019613 - Sequence 637 from Patent EP1572962.
JD204738 - Sequence 185762 from Patent EP1572962.
JD033254 - Sequence 14278 from Patent EP1572962.
JD120826 - Sequence 101850 from Patent EP1572962.
JD106113 - Sequence 87137 from Patent EP1572962.
JD256029 - Sequence 237053 from Patent EP1572962.
JD493456 - Sequence 474480 from Patent EP1572962.
JD535482 - Sequence 516506 from Patent EP1572962.
JD426513 - Sequence 407537 from Patent EP1572962.
JD465445 - Sequence 446469 from Patent EP1572962.
JD179655 - Sequence 160679 from Patent EP1572962.
JD422756 - Sequence 403780 from Patent EP1572962.
JD503648 - Sequence 484672 from Patent EP1572962.

-  Other Names for This Gene
  Alternate Gene Symbols: ENST00000338448.1, ENST00000338448.2, ENST00000338448.3, ENST00000338448.4, ENST00000338448.5, ENST00000338448.6, ENST00000338448.7, ENST00000338448.8, ENST00000338448.9, KIAA0270, NM_002579, O43359, O75781, O95673, PALM_HUMAN, Q92559, Q9UPJ4, Q9UQS2, Q9UQS3, uc317vao.1, uc317vao.2
UCSC ID: ENST00000338448.10_5
RefSeq Accession: NM_002579.3
Protein: O75781 (aka PALM_HUMAN)

-  Gene Model Information
  Click here for a detailed description of the fields of the table above.

-  Methods, Credits, and Use Restrictions
  Click here for details on how this gene model was made and data restrictions if any.