Human Gene MIF (ENST00000215754.8_5) from GENCODE V47lift37
  Description: macrophage migration inhibitory factor (from RefSeq NM_002415.2)
Gencode Transcript: ENST00000215754.8_5
Gencode Gene: ENSG00000240972.2_9
Transcript (Including UTRs)
   Position: hg19 chr22:24,236,570-24,237,410 Size: 841 Total Exon Count: 3 Strand: +
Coding Region
   Position: hg19 chr22:24,236,662-24,237,293 Size: 632 Coding Exon Count: 3 

Page IndexSequence and LinksUniProtKB CommentsPrimersMalaCardsCTD
Gene AllelesMicroarray ExpressionRNA StructureProtein StructureOther SpeciesGO Annotations
mRNA DescriptionsPathwaysOther NamesModel InformationMethods
Data last updated at UCSC: 2024-08-22 23:36:26

-  Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases
 
Genomic Sequence (chr22:24,236,570-24,237,410)mRNA (may differ from genome)Protein (115 aa)
Gene SorterGenome BrowserOther Species FASTAVisiGeneGene interactionsTable Schema
AlphaFoldBioGPSEnsemblEntrez GeneExonPrimerGeneCards
HGNCMalacardsMGIOMIMPubMedReactome
UniProtKBBioGrid CRISPR DB

-  Comments and Description Text from UniProtKB
  ID: MIF_HUMAN
DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Macrophage migration inhibitory factor; Short=MIF; EC=5.3.2.1; AltName: Full=Glycosylation-inhibiting factor; Short=GIF; AltName: Full=L-dopachrome isomerase; AltName: Full=L-dopachrome tautomerase; EC=5.3.3.12; AltName: Full=Phenylpyruvate tautomerase;
FUNCTION: Pro-inflammatory cytokine. Involved in the innate immune response to bacterial pathogens. The expression of MIF at sites of inflammation suggests a role as mediator in regulating the function of macrophages in host defense. Counteracts the anti- inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids. Has phenylpyruvate tautomerase and dopachrome tautomerase activity (in vitro), but the physiological substrate is not known. It is not clear whether the tautomerase activity has any physiological relevance, and whether it is important for cytokine activity.
CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Keto-phenylpyruvate = enol-phenylpyruvate.
CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: L-dopachrome = 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2- carboxylate.
BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: Kinetic parameters: KM=249 uM for phenylpyruvate; KM=168 uM for p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate; Vmax=2113 umol/min/mg enzyme toward phenylpyruvate; Vmax=524 umol/min/mg enzyme toward p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate;
SUBUNIT: Homotrimer. Interacts with CXCR2 extracellular domain (By similarity). Interacts with the CD74 extracellular domain, COPS5 and BNIPL.
INTERACTION: O43521-2:BCL2L11; NbExp=5; IntAct=EBI-372712, EBI-526420;
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. Cytoplasm. Note=Does not have a cleavable signal sequence and is secreted via a specialized, non- classical pathway. Secreted by macrophages upon stimulation by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or by M.tuberculosis antigens.
INDUCTION: Up-regulated in concanavalin-A-treated lymphocytes. Up- regulated in macrophages upon exposure to M.tuberculosis antigens.
DISEASE: Genetic variations in MIF are associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis systemic juvenile (RASJ) [MIM:604302]. An inflammatory articular disorder with systemic- onset beginning before the age of 16. It represents a subgroup of juvenile arthritis associated with severe extraarticular features and occasionally fatal complications. During active phases of the disorder, patients display a typical daily spiking fever, an evanescent macular rash, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, serositis, myalgia and arthritis.
MISCELLANEOUS: Serum levels of MIF are elevated in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. High levels of MIF are correlated with low survival. Drugs that inhibit tautomerase activity protect against death due to sepsis.
SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MIF family.
WEB RESOURCE: Name=NIEHS-SNPs; URL="http://egp.gs.washington.edu/data/mif/";

-  Primer design for this transcript
 

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-  MalaCards Disease Associations
  MalaCards Gene Search: MIF
Diseases sorted by gene-association score: rheumatoid arthritis, systemic juvenile* (423), pulmonary hemosiderosis (22), arthritis (14), pneumococcal meningitis (12), tuberculosis (9), cysticercosis (9), photokeratitis (8), plasmodium falciparum malaria (8), macular holes (8), adult-onset still's disease (7), glucocorticoid resistance (7), lepromatous leprosy (6), arthus reaction (6), rheumatoid vasculitis (6), rheumatoid arthritis (5), ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (5), sarcoidosis 1 (5), malaria (4), glomerulonephritis (3), endometriosis (3), gastrointestinal system disease (1)
* = Manually curated disease association

-  Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)
  The following chemicals interact with this gene
  • D004997 Ethinyl Estradiol
  • D008070 Lipopolysaccharides
  • D009151 Mustard Gas
  • D010100 Oxygen
  • C025205 1,10-phenanthroline
  • C049325 1,2-dithiol-3-thione
  • C049584 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine
  • C462499 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazoleacetic acid methyl ester
  • C434003 3-(4-methylphenylsulfonyl)-2-propenenitrile
  • C009505 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane
          more ... click here to view the complete list

+  Common Gene Haplotype Alleles
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+  Microarray Expression Data
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-  mRNA Secondary Structure of 3' and 5' UTRs
 
RegionFold EnergyBasesEnergy/Base
Display As
5' UTR -34.6092-0.376 Picture PostScript Text
3' UTR -39.30117-0.336 Picture PostScript Text

The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.

-  Protein Domain and Structure Information
  InterPro Domains: Graphical view of domain structure
IPR001398 - Macrophage_inhib_fac
IPR019829 - Macrophage_inhib_fac_CS
IPR014347 - Tautomerase

Pfam Domains:
PF01187 - Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)

SCOP Domains:
55331 - Tautomerase/MIF

Protein Data Bank (PDB) 3-D Structure
MuPIT help
1CA7 - X-ray MuPIT 1CGQ - X-ray MuPIT 1GCZ - X-ray MuPIT 1GD0 - X-ray MuPIT 1GIF - X-ray MuPIT 1LJT - X-ray MuPIT 1MIF - X-ray MuPIT 1P1G - X-ray MuPIT 2OOH - X-ray MuPIT 2OOW - X-ray MuPIT 2OOZ - X-ray MuPIT 3B9S - X-ray 3CE4 - X-ray MuPIT 3DJH - X-ray MuPIT 3DJI - X-ray MuPIT 3HOF - X-ray MuPIT 3IJG - X-ray MuPIT 3IJJ - X-ray MuPIT 3JSF - X-ray MuPIT 3JSG - X-ray MuPIT 3JTU - X-ray MuPIT 3L5P - X-ray MuPIT 3L5R - X-ray MuPIT 3L5S - X-ray MuPIT 3L5T - X-ray MuPIT 3L5U - X-ray MuPIT 3L5V - X-ray MuPIT 3SMB - X-ray MuPIT 3SMC - X-ray MuPIT 3U18 - X-ray MuPIT 4ETG - X-ray MuPIT 4EUI - X-ray MuPIT 4EVG - X-ray MuPIT 4F2K - X-ray MuPIT


ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P14174
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The pictures above may be empty if there is no ModBase structure for the protein. The ModBase structure frequently covers just a fragment of the protein. You may be asked to log onto ModBase the first time you click on the pictures. It is simplest after logging in to just click on the picture again to get to the specific info on that model.

-  Orthologous Genes in Other Species
  Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
MouseRatZebrafishD. melanogasterC. elegansS. cerevisiae
No orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo ortholog
Gene Details     
Gene Sorter     
  Ensembl   
      
      

-  Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
  Molecular Function:
GO:0002020 protease binding
GO:0004167 dopachrome isomerase activity
GO:0005102 receptor binding
GO:0005125 cytokine activity
GO:0005126 cytokine receptor binding
GO:0005515 protein binding
GO:0016853 isomerase activity
GO:0042056 chemoattractant activity
GO:0042802 identical protein binding
GO:0050178 phenylpyruvate tautomerase activity

Biological Process:
GO:0001516 prostaglandin biosynthetic process
GO:0001934 positive regulation of protein phosphorylation
GO:0002376 immune system process
GO:0002906 negative regulation of mature B cell apoptotic process
GO:0006954 inflammatory response
GO:0007166 cell surface receptor signaling pathway
GO:0007569 cell aging
GO:0008283 cell proliferation
GO:0010469 regulation of receptor activity
GO:0010629 negative regulation of gene expression
GO:0010739 positive regulation of protein kinase A signaling
GO:0010760 negative regulation of macrophage chemotaxis
GO:0019752 carboxylic acid metabolic process
GO:0030330 DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
GO:0030890 positive regulation of B cell proliferation
GO:0031666 positive regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
GO:0032269 negative regulation of cellular protein metabolic process
GO:0032760 positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
GO:0033033 negative regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process
GO:0033138 positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation
GO:0035722 interleukin-12-mediated signaling pathway
GO:0042127 regulation of cell proliferation
GO:0042327 positive regulation of phosphorylation
GO:0043030 regulation of macrophage activation
GO:0043066 negative regulation of apoptotic process
GO:0043312 neutrophil degranulation
GO:0043406 positive regulation of MAP kinase activity
GO:0043518 negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
GO:0045087 innate immune response
GO:0048146 positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation
GO:0050715 positive regulation of cytokine secretion
GO:0050731 positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
GO:0050900 leukocyte migration
GO:0050918 positive chemotaxis
GO:0061078 positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion involved in immune response
GO:0061081 positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte cytokine production involved in immune response
GO:0070207 protein homotrimerization
GO:0070374 positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
GO:0071157 negative regulation of cell cycle arrest
GO:0090238 positive regulation of arachidonic acid secretion
GO:0090344 negative regulation of cell aging
GO:1902166 negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator
GO:2000343 positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production

Cellular Component:
GO:0005576 extracellular region
GO:0005615 extracellular space
GO:0005654 nucleoplasm
GO:0005737 cytoplasm
GO:0005829 cytosol
GO:0009986 cell surface
GO:0031982 vesicle
GO:0034774 secretory granule lumen
GO:0043209 myelin sheath
GO:0070062 extracellular exosome
GO:1904813 ficolin-1-rich granule lumen


-  Descriptions from all associated GenBank mRNAs
  BC022414 - Homo sapiens macrophage migration inhibitory factor (glycosylation-inhibiting factor), mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:24590 IMAGE:4243461), complete cds.
GQ891502 - Homo sapiens clone HEL-S-223 epididymis secretory sperm binding protein mRNA, complete cds.
HW061219 - JP 2012529430-A/94: METHODS FOR TREATING CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE.
JB252027 - Sequence 94 from Patent EP2440214.
LP764926 - Sequence 94 from Patent EP3276004.
BC013976 - Homo sapiens macrophage migration inhibitory factor (glycosylation-inhibiting factor), mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:14266 IMAGE:4130651), complete cds.
AK311929 - Homo sapiens cDNA, FLJ92196, Homo sapiens macrophage migration inhibitory factor(glycosylation-inhibiting factor) (MIF), mRNA.
EF611126 - Homo sapiens macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) mRNA, complete cds.
BC007376 - Homo sapiens cDNA clone IMAGE:3640136, containing frame-shift errors.
BC000447 - Homo sapiens macrophage migration inhibitory factor (glycosylation-inhibiting factor), mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:8444 IMAGE:2821346), complete cds.
JD079197 - Sequence 60221 from Patent EP1572962.
L10612 - Human glycosylation-inhibiting factor mRNA, complete cds.
BC007676 - Homo sapiens macrophage migration inhibitory factor (glycosylation-inhibiting factor), mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:4863 IMAGE:3605756), complete cds.
JD106446 - Sequence 87470 from Patent EP1572962.
JD462618 - Sequence 443642 from Patent EP1572962.
BC008914 - Homo sapiens macrophage migration inhibitory factor (glycosylation-inhibiting factor), mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:16071 IMAGE:3615896), complete cds.
M25639 - Human migration inhibitory factor (MIF) mRNA, complete cds.
BC053376 - Homo sapiens macrophage migration inhibitory factor (glycosylation-inhibiting factor), mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:61527 IMAGE:6047427), complete cds.
JD461902 - Sequence 442926 from Patent EP1572962.
JD195961 - Sequence 176985 from Patent EP1572962.
BC051440 - Homo sapiens macrophage migration inhibitory factor (glycosylation-inhibiting factor), mRNA (cDNA clone IMAGE:4475608), partial cds.
JD228531 - Sequence 209555 from Patent EP1572962.
LF319749 - JP 2014500723-A/127252: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
LF205370 - JP 2014500723-A/12873: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
CR456520 - Homo sapiens MIF full length open reading frame (ORF) cDNA clone (cDNA clone C22ORF:pGEM.MIF).
CU013408 - Homo sapiens MIF, mRNA (cDNA clone IMAGE:100000281), complete cds, without stop codon, in Gateway system.
DQ895390 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone IMAGE:100009850; FLH183936.01L; RZPDo839A06143D macrophage migration inhibitory factor (glycosylation-inhibiting factor) (MIF) gene, encodes complete protein.
DQ892195 - Synthetic construct clone IMAGE:100004825; FLH183940.01X; RZPDo839A06144D macrophage migration inhibitory factor (glycosylation-inhibiting factor) (MIF) gene, encodes complete protein.
CU013120 - Homo sapiens MIF, mRNA (cDNA clone IMAGE:100000377), complete cds, with stop codon, in Gateway system.
AB463103 - Synthetic construct DNA, clone: pF1KB8455, Homo sapiens MIF gene for macrophage migration inhibitory factor, without stop codon, in Flexi system.
CR407644 - Homo sapiens full open reading frame cDNA clone RZPDo834D1216D for gene MIF, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (glycosylation-inhibiting f actor) complete cds, without stopcodon.
JQ846015 - Homo sapiens macrophage migration inhibitory factor mRNA, partial cds.
BT007148 - Homo sapiens macrophage migration inhibitory factor (glycosylation-inhibiting factor) mRNA, complete cds.
AF469046 - Homo sapiens macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) mRNA, complete cds.
CR541651 - Homo sapiens full open reading frame cDNA clone RZPDo834B0727D for gene MIF, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (glycosylation-inhibiting factor); complete cds, incl. stopcodon.
Z23063 - Homo sapiens macrophage migration inhibitory factor.
KJ891619 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone ccsbBroadEn_01013 MIF gene, encodes complete protein.
EF492869 - Homo sapiens macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) mRNA, complete cds.
M95775 - Homo sapiens macrophage migration inhibitory factor mRNA, 3' end.
LF319746 - JP 2014500723-A/127249: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
LF319745 - JP 2014500723-A/127248: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
JD289698 - Sequence 270722 from Patent EP1572962.
MA555326 - JP 2018138019-A/127252: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
MA440947 - JP 2018138019-A/12873: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
MA555323 - JP 2018138019-A/127249: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.
MA555322 - JP 2018138019-A/127248: Polycomb-Associated Non-Coding RNAs.

-  Biochemical and Signaling Pathways
  Reactome (by CSHL, EBI, and GO)

Protein P14174 (Reactome details) participates in the following event(s):

R-HSA-5676133 CD74 binds MIF
R-HSA-6800434 Exocytosis of ficolin-rich granule lumen proteins
R-HSA-6798748 Exocytosis of secretory granule lumen proteins
R-HSA-8950505 Gene and protein expression by JAK-STAT signaling after Interleukin-12 stimulation
R-HSA-202733 Cell surface interactions at the vascular wall
R-HSA-6798695 Neutrophil degranulation
R-HSA-9020591 Interleukin-12 signaling
R-HSA-109582 Hemostasis
R-HSA-168249 Innate Immune System
R-HSA-447115 Interleukin-12 family signaling
R-HSA-168256 Immune System
R-HSA-449147 Signaling by Interleukins
R-HSA-1280215 Cytokine Signaling in Immune system

-  Other Names for This Gene
  Alternate Gene Symbols: A5Z1R8, B2R4S3, ENST00000215754.1, ENST00000215754.2, ENST00000215754.3, ENST00000215754.4, ENST00000215754.5, ENST00000215754.6, ENST00000215754.7, GLIF, MIF , MIF_HUMAN, MMIF, NM_002415, P14174, Q2V4Y5, Q6FHV0, uc317cmp.1, uc317cmp.2
UCSC ID: ENST00000215754.8_5
RefSeq Accession: NM_002415.2
Protein: P14174 (aka MIF_HUMAN)

-  Gene Model Information
  Click here for a detailed description of the fields of the table above.

-  Methods, Credits, and Use Restrictions
  Click here for details on how this gene model was made and data restrictions if any.