ID:OREX_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Orexin; AltName: Full=Hypocretin; Short=Hcrt; Contains: RecName: Full=Orexin-A; AltName: Full=Hypocretin-1; Short=Hcrt1; Contains: RecName: Full=Orexin-B; AltName: Full=Hypocretin-2; Short=Hcrt2; Flags: Precursor; FUNCTION: Neuropeptides that play a significant role in the regulation of food intake and sleep-wakefulness, possibly by coordinating the complex behavioral and physiologic responses of these complementary homeostatic functions. A broader role in the homeostatic regulation of energy metabolism, autonomic function, hormonal balance and the regulation of body fluids, is also suggested. Orexin-A binds to both OX1R and OX2R with a high affinity, whereas orexin-B binds only to OX2R with a similar high affinity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Rough endoplasmic reticulum (By similarity). Cytoplasmic vesicle (By similarity). Cell junction, synapse (By similarity). Note=Associated with perikaryal rough endoplasmic reticulum as well as cytoplasmic large granular vesicles at synapses (By similarity). TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Abundantly expressed in subthalamic nucleus but undetectable in other brain regions tested (hypothalamus was not tested) and in heart, placenta, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney and pancreas. PTM: Specific enzymatic cleavages at paired basic residues yield the different active peptides. DISEASE: Defects in HCRT are the cause of narcolepsy type 1 (NRCLP1) [MIM:161400]. Narcolepsy is a neurological disabling sleep disorder, characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep fragmentation, symptoms of abnormal rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, such as cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucinations, and sleep paralysis. Cataplexy is a sudden loss of muscle tone triggered by emotions, which is the most valuable clinical feature used to diagnose narcolepsy. Human narcolepsy is primarily a sporadically occurring disorder but familial clustering has been observed. Note=Human narcolepsy is associated with a deficient orexin system. Orexins are absent and/or greatly diminished in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of most narcoleptic patients. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the orexin family. WEB RESOURCE: Name=Protein Spotlight; Note=Qui dort dine - Issue 15 of October 2001; URL="http://web.expasy.org/spotlight/back_issues/sptlt015.shtml";
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on O43612
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
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Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases 
Common Gene Haplotype Alleles 
