ID:GBG2_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2; AltName: Full=G gamma-I; Flags: Precursor; FUNCTION: Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein- effector interaction (By similarity). SUBUNIT: G proteins are composed of 3 units, alpha, beta and gamma (By similarity). The heterodimer formed by GNB1 and GNG2 interacts with PTH1R (via C-terminus). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side (Potential). TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in fetal tissues, including testis, adrenal gland, brain, white blood cells and brain. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G protein gamma family.
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
SCOP Domains: 48670 - Transducin (heterotrimeric G protein), gamma chain
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P59768
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
BC041446 - Homo sapiens, clone IMAGE:5169509, mRNA. AK092371 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ35052 fis, clone OCBBF2018234, highly similar to GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING PROTEIN G(I)/G(S)/G(O) GAMMA-2 SUBUNIT (G GAMMA-I). AK307171 - Homo sapiens cDNA, FLJ97119. AK311334 - Homo sapiens cDNA, FLJ18376. AK001024 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ10162 fis, clone HEMBA1003560, highly similar to GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING PROTEIN G(I)/G(S)/G(O) GAMMA-2 SUBUNIT. AL832878 - Homo sapiens mRNA; cDNA DKFZp667I093 (from clone DKFZp667I093). BC020774 - Homo sapiens guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 2, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:22743 IMAGE:4243482), complete cds. BC060856 - Homo sapiens guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 2, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:71780 IMAGE:5276390), complete cds. AB587577 - Synthetic construct DNA, clone: pF1KB8850, Homo sapiens GNG2 gene for guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 2, without stop codon, in Flexi system. KJ894014 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone ccsbBroadEn_03408 GNG2 gene, encodes complete protein. AF493870 - Homo sapiens guanine nucleotide binding protein gamma 2 (GNG2) mRNA, complete cds. HZ461281 - WO 2015190586-A/94: Kit and method for detecting colon cancer. HZ461927 - WO 2015190591-A/82: Kit and method for detecting breast cancer. HZ463015 - WO 2015194535-A/109: Kit and method for detecting stomach cancer. HZ464326 - WO 2015194615-A/144: Kit or device and method for detecting hepatic cancer. HZ465026 - WO 2015194627-A/79: Kit and method for detecting esophageal cancer. HZ480269 - JP 2015535430-A/775: TERMINALLY MODIFIED RNA. HZ790200 - JP 2016504050-A/1945: SIGNAL-SENSOR POLYNUCLEOTIDES FOR THE ALTERATION OF CELLULAR PHENOTYPES. JC512932 - Sequence 3185 from Patent WO2014113089. LF161455 - JP 2016513950-A/1521: Oligomers with improved off-target profile. LF632636 - WO 2016117582-A/65: miRNA biomarkers for mental disorders. LP951765 - Sequence 271 from Patent WO2017157650. LQ070520 - Sequence 844 from Patent EP2964234. LY496209 - KR 1020170018406-A/79: ESOPHAGEAL CANCER DETECTION KIT OR DEVICE, AND DETECTION METHOD. LY496924 - KR 1020170016485-A/94: COLORECTAL CANCER DETECTION KIT OR DEVICE, AND DETECTION METHOD. LY498227 - KR 1020170018411-A/144: LIVER CANCER DETECTION KIT OR DEVICE, AND DETECTION METHOD. LY498930 - KR 1020170018412-A/82: BREAST CANCER DETECTION KIT OR DEVICE, AND METHOD FOR DETECTING BREAST CANCER. LY499828 - KR 1020170019425-A/109: STOMACH CANCER DETECTION KIT OR DEVICE, AND DETECTION METHOD. LZ238352 - WO 2017171048-A/13: Kit, device and method for detecting early pancreatic cancer or precancerous lesion of pancreas. MS880245 - Sequence 82 from Patent EP3156498. MS884111 - Sequence 94 from Patent EP3156499. MS884947 - Sequence 109 from Patent EP3156503. MS994217 - Sequence 79 from Patent EP3159406. MA644021 - JP 2017113010-A/1945: SIGNAL-SENSOR POLYNUCLEOTIDES FOR THE ALTERATION OF CELLULAR PHENOTYPES. MA731905 - JP 2017140048-A/775: TERMINALLY MODIFIED RNA. MA405780 - WO 2018155427-A/554: A probe with reduced false positive binding, a method to desing the probe, and the use thereof. MA801074 - JP 2018183181-A/1945: SIGNAL-SENSOR POLYNUCLEOTIDES FOR THE ALTERATION OF CELLULAR PHENOTYPES. MA822222 - WO 2019004436-A/35: Kit, device, and method for detection of lung cancer. LY616116 - KR 1020180129785-A/13: KIT OR DEVICE FOR DETECTING EARLY STAGE PANCREATIC CANCER OR PANCREATIC CANCER PRECURSOR LESIONS AND DETECTION METHOD THEREFOR. MB472652 - WO 2019208671-A/51: Kit or device and method for detecting bladder cancer. AK026424 - Homo sapiens cDNA: FLJ22771 fis, clone KAIA1394. AK026425 - Homo sapiens cDNA: FLJ22772 fis, clone KAIA1395. AB074180 - Homo sapiens primary neuroblastoma cDNA, clone:Nbla10367, full insert sequence.
Biochemical and Signaling Pathways
Reactome (by CSHL, EBI, and GO)
Protein P59768 (Reactome details) participates in the following event(s):
R-HSA-6814418 PDCL promotes formation of G-beta:G-gamma heterodimers R-HSA-825631 Glucagon:GCGR mediates GTP-GDP exchange R-HSA-167433 G-protein beta-gamma subunits rebind the alpha-GDP subunit R-HSA-392295 Gbeta:gamma recruits PI3K gamma R-HSA-398040 Gbeta:gamma activation of PLC beta R-HSA-750988 Inactive G alpha (z) reassociates with G beta:gamma R-HSA-750993 Inactive G alpha (q) reassociates with G beta:gamma R-HSA-751001 Inactive G alpha (i) reassociates with G beta:gamma R-HSA-751013 Inactive G alpha (s) reassociates with G beta:gamma R-HSA-751039 Inactive G alpha (12/13) reassociates with G beta:gamma R-HSA-112271 The receptor:G-protein complex dissociates R-HSA-392202 Dissociation of the P2Y purinoceptor 12:Gi complex R-HSA-392874 Dissociation of the Prostacyclin receptor:Gs complex R-HSA-397835 Dissociation of the PAR:Gq complex R-HSA-397891 Dissociation of the PAR:G12/13 complex R-HSA-418576 Dissociation of the P2Y purinoceptor 1:Gq complex R-HSA-428752 Dissociation of the TP:Gq complex R-HSA-428918 Dissociation of the TP:G13 complex R-HSA-744886 The Ligand:GPCR:Gs complex dissociates R-HSA-749452 The Ligand:GPCR:Gq complex dissociates R-HSA-749454 The Ligand:GPCR:Gi complex dissociates R-HSA-751019 The Ligand:GPCR:G12/13 complex dissociates R-HSA-751024 The Ligand:GPCR:Gz complex dissociates R-HSA-3965447 G-protein subunits dissociate from WNT:FZD complex R-HSA-8982640 G-alpha(t):G-beta-gamma:Opsins complex dissociates to active G-alpha(t) R-HSA-8850560 G-protein alpha releases G-protein heterotrimer from PDCL R-HSA-400097 G-beta:G-gamma inhibits Adenylate cyclase R-HSA-400037 Gi,Go Heterotrimeric G-protein complex dissociates R-HSA-422320 Heterotrimeric G(s) complex dissociates R-HSA-396996 Thrombin-activated PAR binds G-protein Gq R-HSA-418581 Activated P2Y purinoceptor 1 binds G-protein Gq R-HSA-428749 Activated TP receptor binds G-proten Gq R-HSA-749448 Liganded Gq-activating GPCRs bind inactive heterotrimeric Gq R-HSA-167408 The high affinity receptor complex binds to G-protein R-HSA-392852 Activated prostacyclin receptor binds G-protein Gs R-HSA-744887 Liganded Gs-activating GPCRs bind inactive heterotrimeric Gs R-HSA-749446 Liganded Gz-activating GPCRs bind inactive heterotrimeric G-protein Gz R-HSA-392187 Activated P2Y purinoceptor 12 binds G-protein Gi R-HSA-749456 Liganded Gi-activating GPCRs bind inactive heterotrimeric G-protein Gi R-HSA-500717 Activation of GRIK3 homomer R-HSA-428909 Activated TP receptor binds G-protein G13 R-HSA-8982637 Opsins binds G alpha-t R-HSA-3965444 WNT:FZD complex promotes G-protein nucleotide exchange R-HSA-3965441 FZD recruits trimeric G-proteins R-HSA-167429 The receptor:G-protein complex binds GTP R-HSA-167419 The receptor:G-protein complex releases GDP R-HSA-400092 Alpha-2A,alpha-2C Adrenergic Receptors activate Gi.Go heterotrimeric G proteins R-HSA-381706 GLP-1R:GLP-1 activates G(s) R-HSA-381612 Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor (GLP1R) binds Glucagon-like peptide-1 R-HSA-432188 AVP:AVPR2 Complex binds inactive heterotrimeric G(s) complex R-HSA-396941 Thrombin-activated PAR binds G-protein G12/13 R-HSA-751027 Liganded G12/13-activating GPCRs bind inactive heterotrimeric G-protein G12/13 R-HSA-114558 Gq activation by PAR R-HSA-418579 Gq activation by P2Y purinoceptor 1 R-HSA-428750 Gq activation by TP receptor R-HSA-379048 Liganded Gq/11-activating GPCRs act as GEFs for Gq/11 R-HSA-392870 Gs activation by prostacyclin receptor R-HSA-379044 Liganded Gs-activating GPCR acts as a GEF for Gs R-HSA-749453 Liganded Gz-activating GPCR acts as a GEF for Gz R-HSA-392195 Gi activation by P2Y purinoceptor 12 R-HSA-380073 Liganded Gi-activating GPCR acts as a GEF for Gi R-HSA-392300 G beta:gamma activated PI3Kgamma converts PIP2 to PIP3 R-HSA-398193 PLC beta-mediated PIP2 hydrolysis R-HSA-428917 G13 activation by TP receptor R-HSA-420883 Opsins act as GEFs for G alpha-t R-HSA-432195 AVP:AVPR2:heterotrimeric G(s) complex exchanges GDP for GTP R-HSA-114552 G12/13 activation by PAR R-HSA-751029 Liganded G12/13-activating GPCR acts as a GEF for G12/13 R-HSA-1013020 Activation of GIRK/Kir3 Channels R-HSA-6814122 Cooperation of PDCL (PhLP1) and TRiC/CCT in G-protein beta folding R-HSA-163359 Glucagon signaling in metabolic regulation R-HSA-202040 G-protein activation R-HSA-392451 G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma R-HSA-418217 G beta:gamma signalling through PLC beta R-HSA-4086398 Ca2+ pathway R-HSA-418597 G alpha (z) signalling events R-HSA-416476 G alpha (q) signalling events R-HSA-418594 G alpha (i) signalling events R-HSA-418555 G alpha (s) signalling events R-HSA-416482 G alpha (12/13) signalling events R-HSA-392170 ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12 R-HSA-392851 Prostacyclin signalling through prostacyclin receptor R-HSA-456926 Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs) R-HSA-418592 ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 1 R-HSA-428930 Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor R-HSA-390466 Chaperonin-mediated protein folding R-HSA-400042 Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion R-HSA-381676 Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) regulates insulin secretion R-HSA-432040 Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via Aquaporins R-HSA-163685 Energy Metabolism R-HSA-500657 Presynaptic function of Kainate receptors R-HSA-111885 Opioid Signalling R-HSA-397795 G-protein beta:gamma signalling R-HSA-3858494 Beta-catenin independent WNT signaling R-HSA-388396 GPCR downstream signalling R-HSA-392518 Signal amplification R-HSA-418346 Platelet homeostasis R-HSA-76002 Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation R-HSA-391251 Protein folding R-HSA-420092 Glucagon-type ligand receptors R-HSA-422356 Regulation of insulin secretion R-HSA-445717 Aquaporin-mediated transport R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism R-HSA-451326 Activation of kainate receptors upon glutamate binding R-HSA-195721 Signaling by WNT R-HSA-372790 Signaling by GPCR R-HSA-109582 Hemostasis R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins R-HSA-373080 Class B/2 (Secretin family receptors) R-HSA-382551 Transport of small molecules R-HSA-112314 Neurotransmitter receptors and postsynaptic signal transmission R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction R-HSA-997272 Inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+ channels via Gbeta/gamma subunits R-HSA-1296041 Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels R-HSA-500792 GPCR ligand binding R-HSA-112315 Transmission across Chemical Synapses R-HSA-991365 Activation of GABAB receptors R-HSA-1296059 G protein gated Potassium channels R-HSA-112316 Neuronal System R-HSA-977444 GABA B receptor activation R-HSA-1296065 Inwardly rectifying K+ channels R-HSA-977443 GABA receptor activation R-HSA-1296071 Potassium Channels
US Server
Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases 
Common Gene Haplotype Alleles 
