ID:PYR1_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=CAD protein; Includes: RecName: Full=Glutamine-dependent carbamoyl-phosphate synthase; EC=6.3.5.5; Includes: RecName: Full=Aspartate carbamoyltransferase; EC=2.1.3.2; Includes: RecName: Full=Dihydroorotase; EC=3.5.2.3; FUNCTION: This protein is a "fusion" protein encoding four enzymatic activities of the pyrimidine pathway (GATase, CPSase, ATCase and DHOase). CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: 2 ATP + L-glutamine + HCO(3)(-) + H(2)O = 2 ADP + phosphate + L-glutamate + carbamoyl phosphate. CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Carbamoyl phosphate + L-aspartate = phosphate + N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate. CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: (S)-dihydroorotate + H(2)O = N-carbamoyl-L- aspartate. COFACTOR: Binds 1 zinc ion per subunit (for dihydroorotase activity) (Potential). ENZYME REGULATION: Allosterically regulated and controlled by phosphorylation. 5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate is an activator while UMP is an inhibitor of the CPSase reaction. PATHWAY: Pyrimidine metabolism; UMP biosynthesis via de novo pathway; (S)-dihydroorotate from bicarbonate: step 1/3. PATHWAY: Pyrimidine metabolism; UMP biosynthesis via de novo pathway; (S)-dihydroorotate from bicarbonate: step 2/3. PATHWAY: Pyrimidine metabolism; UMP biosynthesis via de novo pathway; (S)-dihydroorotate from bicarbonate: step 3/3. SUBUNIT: Homohexamer. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. MISCELLANEOUS: GATase (glutamine amidotransferase) and CPSase (carbamoyl phosphate synthase) form together the glutamine- dependent CPSase (GD-CPSase) (EC 6.3.5.5). SIMILARITY: In the central section; belongs to the DHOase family. SIMILARITY: Contains 2 ATP-grasp domains. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 glutamine amidotransferase type-1 domain. WEB RESOURCE: Name=Wikipedia; Note=Aspartate carbamoyltransferase entry; URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartate_carbamoyltransferase";
The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.
ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P27708
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Orthologous Genes in Other Species
Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
BC065510 - Homo sapiens carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:74758 IMAGE:5551082), complete cds. AK226105 - Homo sapiens mRNA for carbamoylphosphate synthetase 2/aspartate transcarbamylase/dihydroorotase variant, clone: ha00950. AB621827 - Homo sapiens CAD mRNA for CAD protein, partial cds, clone: HP08891-RBdS015C14. JD405736 - Sequence 386760 from Patent EP1572962. D78586 - Homo sapiens CAD mRNA for multifunctional protein CAD, complete cds. AB384768 - Synthetic construct DNA, clone: pF1KB3244, Homo sapiens CAD gene for CAD protein, complete cds, without stop codon, in Flexi system. BC014178 - Homo sapiens carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase, mRNA (cDNA clone IMAGE:4580779), partial cds. JD289704 - Sequence 270728 from Patent EP1572962. JD326438 - Sequence 307462 from Patent EP1572962. JD162979 - Sequence 144003 from Patent EP1572962. JD475782 - Sequence 456806 from Patent EP1572962. JD459873 - Sequence 440897 from Patent EP1572962. AL832309 - Homo sapiens mRNA; cDNA DKFZp667L1519 (from clone DKFZp667L1519). JD064864 - Sequence 45888 from Patent EP1572962.
Biochemical and Signaling Pathways
BioCyc Knowledge Library PWY-4984 - urea cycle PWY-5686 - UMP biosynthesis PWY-5921 - glutaminyl-tRNAgln biosynthesis via transamidation PWY-7211 - superpathway of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis PWY0-162 - superpathway of pyrimidine ribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis
BioCarta from NCI Cancer Genome Anatomy Project h_setPathway - Granzyme A mediated Apoptosis Pathway h_caspasePathway - Caspase Cascade in Apoptosis h_mitochondriaPathway - Role of Mitochondria in Apoptotic Signaling h_deathPathway - Induction of apoptosis through DR3 and DR4/5 Death Receptors h_tnfr1Pathway - TNFR1 Signaling Pathway h_fasPathway - FAS signaling pathway ( CD95 ) h_DNAfragmentPathway - Apoptotic DNA fragmentation and tissue homeostasis h_HivnefPathway - HIV-I Nef: negative effector of Fas and TNF
Reactome (by CSHL, EBI, and GO)
Protein P27708 (Reactome details) participates in the following event(s):
US Server
Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases 
Common Gene Haplotype Alleles 
