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APOA2 — APOA4

Pathways - manually collected, often from reviews:

• Reactome Reaction: APOA2 → APOA4 (direct_complex) Nayak et al., J Lipid Res 2001*, Hussain et al., J Lipid Res 2003*, Jones et al., Nat Genet 2003*, Gordon et al., Trends Cell Biol 1995*, During et al., J Lipid Res 2007*
• Reactome Reaction: APOA2 → APOA4 (reaction) Hussain et al., J Lipid Res 2003*, Gordon et al., Trends Cell Biol 1995*

Protein-Protein interactions - manually collected from original source literature:

Studies that report less than 10 interactions are marked with *

• IRef Hprd Interaction: Complex of 126 proteins Zhou et al., Electrophoresis 2004
• IRef Hprd Interaction: Complex of 126 proteins Zhou et al., Electrophoresis 2004
• IRef Hprd Interaction: Complex of 126 proteins Zhou et al., Electrophoresis 2004
• IRef Hprd Interaction: Complex of 15499 proteins Zhou et al., Electrophoresis 2004
• IRef Intact Interaction: Complex of 64 proteins (association, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation) Zhou et al., Electrophoresis 2004
• IRef Intact Interaction: Complex of 56 proteins (association, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation) Zhou et al., Electrophoresis 2004

Text-mined interactions from Literome

Le Beyec et al., Exp Cell Res 1999 : The decrease in apo A-II expression is also followed by a marked increase in the expression of the intestine-specific apo A-IV gene, analyzed here as a marker of enterocytic differentiation
Hoffmann et al., Clin Chim Acta 2001 (Hypertriglyceridemia) : Apolipoprotein (apo) E mediates the removal of chylomicron and very low density lipoprotein remnants from plasma
Engle et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 2001 : Both Pluronic L-81, an inhibitor of chylomicron secretion, and BMS-197636-02, a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor , blocked the secretion of both TG and PC
Ueshima et al., Life Sci 2004 (Arteriosclerosis) : Microsomal TG transfer protein (MTP) is essential for the synthesis of both chylomicron in the intestine and very low density lipoprotein in the liver
Black et al., Biochem J 1992 : Apo B may be specifically down-regulated by the chylomicron secretory blockade induced by Pluronic L-81
Takahashi et al., Life Sci 2005 : Further, chylomicron remnant induced Egr-1 expression was inhibited by PD98059, a selective inhibitor of MAPK kinase ( MEK ), suggesting that the action of chylomicron remnants on Egr-1 was dependent on the ERK/MEK pathway
Nakano et al., Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006 : These results indicate that IAP is strongly involved in chylomicron formation and fatty acid metabolism might change among ABO blood type
Murdoch et al., Atherosclerosis 2007 (Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1...) : Apo E plays an important role in chylomicron and VLDL remnant processing, uptake or conversion to LDL
Nauli et al., Gastroenterology 2006 : CD36 may play an important role in chylomicron formation and secretion and may also facilitate cholesterol uptake in the proximal intestine
Nassir et al., J Biol Chem 2007 : The findings support the role of CD36 in proximal absorption of dietary fatty acid and cholesterol for optimal chylomicron formation, whereas CD36 independent mechanisms predominate in distal segments
Shimotoyodome et al., Endocrinology 2009 : Pluronic L-81, an inhibitor of chylomicron formation, reduced not only the triglyceride response but also TO-induced GIP secretion, indicating that the lower GIP response after DAG ingestion may be associated with retarded chylomicron formation in the small intestine
Lubbers et al., J Nutr Biochem 2011 (Inflammation) : Cholecystokinin release and subsequent activation of the vagus are dependent on chylomicron formation and associated with release of additional gut peptides ... These data indicate that chylomicron formation is essential and activation of the glucagon-like peptide 1-receptor is involved in activation of the nutritional anti-inflammatory pathway by lipid enriched nutrition
Hayashi et al., Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2011 (Dyslipidemias...) : We postulate that apical and/or basolateral SR-BI may play an important role in intestinal chylomicron production and may contribute to chylomicron overproduction normally observed in insulin-resistant states
Tran et al., J Biol Chem 2011 (Hypertriglyceridemia...) : CD36 deficiency reduces chylomicron production through unknown mechanisms
Ables et al., J Lipid Res 2012 : In contrast, inhibition of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein ( MTP ) reduced chylomicron secretion after oral fat/retinol loads, but with accumulation of dietary TG and retinoids in the small intestine ... In summary, intestinal DGAT1 inhibition or deficiency acutely delayed gastric emptying and inhibited chylomicron secretion ; however, the latter occurred when gastric emptying was normal or when lipid was administered directly into the small intestine
Quiroga et al., PloS one 2012 (Hyperlipidemias) : Carboxylesterase1/Esterase-x regulates chylomicron production in mice
Fan et al., Int J Pharm 2013 : Therefore, we simulated the human intestinal epithelial cells by Caco-2 cell model to study the effect of Vitamin E-TPGS on the chylomicron secretion in vitro
Levy et al., Atherosclerosis 2013 : Moreover, exogenous PCSK9 altered the activity of HMG-CoA reductase and acylcoenzyme A : cholesterol acyltransferase, and was able to enhance chylomicron secretion by positively modulating lipids and apolipoprotein B-48 biogenesis
Seishima et al., Atherosclerosis 1988 : It is suggested that apo A-IV production by intestinal cells does not appear to be regulated by the rate of fat transport, and that apo A-IV does not play an important role in chylomicron formation compared to apo B-48
Rajavashisth et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1985 : Apolipoprotein E (apo E) is responsible for the binding of very low density lipoprotein and chylomicron remnants to cellular receptors thereby removing them from circulation
Florén et al., J Biol Chem 1981 (Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV) : After entering the fibroblast, chylomicron remnants stimulated cholesterol esterification, suppressed 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity, and down-regulated LDL receptor activity similar to the action of LDL
Landin et al., J Lipid Res 1984 : A role for hepatic lipase in chylomicron and high density lipoprotein phospholipid metabolism
Wasada et al., J Clin Invest 1981 : Effect of gastric inhibitory polypeptide on plasma levels of chylomicron triglycerides in dogs
Xu et al., Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995 : Role of platelet factor Xa in chylomicron-prothrombin complexes induced platelet activation
Minnich et al., J Lipid Res 1995 (Hyperlipidemias) : Apolipoprotein (apo) E mediates the removal of chylomicron and VLDL remnants from plasma
Mann et al., Eur J Clin Invest 1995 (Hyperlipidemias) : The authors determine in this paper the effect of ApoE and LpL on chylomicron and LDL binding and uptake by human hepatocytes in primary culture ... The authors determine in this paper the effect of ApoE and LpL on chylomicron and LDL binding and uptake by human hepatocytes in primary culture
Levy et al., FEBS Lett 1996 : Adding insulin ( 3 mU ) to the serum-free medium of cultured jejunal explants from human fetuses ( 17-20 weeks ) reduced triglyceride and chylomicron production and inhibited apo B-48 and apo B-100 secretion
Kagawa et al., J Nutr 1998 (Hyperlipidemias) : Serum chylomicron triglyceride levels increased in both groups at 1 and 2 h after ingestion, but when subjects consumed 4 g globin digest the increases were suppressed to 75 ( P < 0.05 ) and 42 % ( P < 0.05 ) of the increases in controls at the corresponding times, respectively
Taggart et al., Diabet Med 1997 (Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2) : The postprandial chylomicron apolipoprotein B48 response of both diabetic and control subjects to the cholesterol meal was less than to the cholesterol-free meal ( p < 0.001 )
Wollin et al., Am J Physiol 1998 : The enzyme release and triglyceride transport were determined and in some experiments were done in the presence and absence of Pluronic L-81, an inhibitor of chylomicron formation, and aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of diamine oxidase activity