Immediate early genes (IEGs) are induced by different signaling pathways. It has been proposed that D2 dopamine receptor blockade induces IEG expression through activation of protein kinase A (PKA), although few studies have examined this issue in vivo. We infused the PKA inhibitor H-89 into the striatum of male rats, followed 30 min later by systemic administration of eticlopride. Eticlopride-induced c-fos and zif268 mRNA expression in striatum was not blocked by H-89. In addition, eticlopride did not produce measurable levels of PKA activity in striatum, whereas the cAMP activator Sp-8-Br-cAMPs increased levels of activated PKA. Neither the adenosine A2a receptor agonist CGS 21680 nor the phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor rolipram, each of which should increase PKA activation, potentiated eticlopride-induced IEG expression. To test whether other signaling pathways are involved in eticlopride-mediated gene induction, we also infused inhibitors of the mitogen-activated and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases into animals and then treated them with eticlopride. The data suggest that eticlopride-induced IEG expression is not solely dependent on these kinases either. These data suggest that PKA activation may not be necessary for induction of IEGs by D2 dopamine receptor antagonists and that other intracellular signaling pathways may be involved.