Human Gene TXN2 (ENST00000216185.7_7) from GENCODE V47lift37

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Description: thioredoxin 2 (from RefSeq NM_012473.4)
Gencode Transcript: ENST00000216185.7_7
Gencode Gene: ENSG00000100348.10_9
Transcript (Including UTRs)
Position: hg19 chr22:36,863,093-36,877,687 Size: 14,595 Total Exon Count: 4 Strand: -
Coding Region
Position: hg19 chr22:36,863,851-36,876,884 Size: 13,034 Coding Exon Count: 3

Page Index	Sequence and Links	UniProtKB Comments	Primers	MalaCards	CTD
Gene Alleles	RNA-Seq Expression	Microarray Expression	RNA Structure	Protein Structure	Other Species
GO Annotations	mRNA Descriptions	Pathways	Other Names	Model Information	Methods

Data last updated at UCSC: 2024-08-22 23:36:26

Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases

Genomic Sequence (chr22:36,863,093-36,877,687)			mRNA (may differ from genome)		Protein (166 aa)
Gene Sorter	Genome Browser	Other Species FASTA	VisiGene	Gene interactions	Table Schema
AlphaFold	BioGPS	Ensembl	Entrez Gene	ExonPrimer	GeneCards
HGNC	Malacards	MGI	OMIM	PubMed	Reactome
UniProtKB	Wikipedia	BioGrid CRISPR DB

Comments and Description Text from UniProtKB


	ID: THIOM_HUMAN DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Thioredoxin, mitochondrial; Short=MTRX; Short=Mt-Trx; AltName: Full=Thioredoxin-2; Flags: Precursor; FUNCTION: Has an anti-apoptotic function and plays an important role in the regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential. Could be involved in the resistance to anti-tumor agents. Possesses a dithiol-reducing activity. SUBUNIT: Monomer. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Widely expressed in adult (at protein level) and fetal tissues. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the thioredoxin family. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 thioredoxin domain.

Primer design for this transcript

Primer3Plus can design qPCR Primers that straddle exon-exon-junctions, which amplify only cDNA, not genomic DNA.
Click here to load the transcript sequence and exon structure into Primer3Plus

Exonprimer can design one pair of Sanger sequencing primers around every exon, located in non-genic sequence.
Click here to open Exonprimer with this transcript

To design primers for a non-coding sequence, zoom to a region of interest and select from the drop-down menu: View > In External Tools > Primer3

MalaCards Disease Associations


	MalaCards Gene Search: TXN2 Diseases sorted by gene-association score: combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 29* (1319), ocular hypertension (5) * = Manually curated disease association

Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)


	The following chemicals interact with this gene D006861 Hydrogen Peroxide D015655 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium D010269 Paraquat C059514 resveratrol C057693 troglitazone C476756 10-(6'-ubiquinonyl)decyltriphenylphosphonium bromide C078157 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone D000082 Acetaminophen D000171 Acrolein D000643 Ammonium Chloride more ... click here to view the complete list

Common Gene Haplotype Alleles


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RNA-Seq Expression Data from GTEx (53 Tissues, 570 Donors)


	Highest median expression: 92.31 RPKM in Adrenal Gland Total median expression: 1672.53 RPKM View in GTEx track of Genome Browser View at GTEx portal View GTEx Body Map

Microarray Expression Data


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mRNA Secondary Structure of 3' and 5' UTRs

Region	Fold Energy	Bases	Energy/Base	Display As
5' UTR	-27.20	77	-0.353	Picture	PostScript	Text
3' UTR	-266.30	758	-0.351	Picture	PostScript	Text

The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.

Protein Domain and Structure Information

InterPro Domains: Graphical view of domain structure
IPR005746 - Thioredoxin
IPR012336 - Thioredoxin-like_fold
IPR017937 - Thioredoxin_CS
IPR013766 - Thioredoxin_domain

Pfam Domains:
PF00085 - Thioredoxin
PF13098 - Thioredoxin-like domain

SCOP Domains:
50475 - FMN-binding split barrel
52833 - Thioredoxin-like

Protein Data Bank (PDB) 3-D Structure
MuPIT help

1UVZ - X-ray MuPIT

1W4V - X-ray MuPIT

1W89 - X-ray MuPIT

ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on Q99757


Front	Top	Side

The pictures above may be empty if there is no ModBase structure for the protein. The ModBase structure frequently covers just a fragment of the protein. You may be asked to log onto ModBase the first time you click on the pictures. It is simplest after logging in to just click on the picture again to get to the specific info on that model.

Orthologous Genes in Other Species

Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.

Mouse	Rat	Zebrafish	D. melanogaster	C. elegans	S. cerevisiae
No ortholog	No ortholog	No ortholog	No ortholog	No ortholog	No ortholog
Gene Details	Gene Details
Gene Sorter	Gene Sorter
	RGD

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary


	Molecular Function: GO:0005515 protein binding GO:0008113 peptide-methionine (S)-S-oxide reductase activity GO:0015035 protein disulfide oxidoreductase activity GO:0033743 peptide-methionine (R)-S-oxide reductase activity GO:0044877 macromolecular complex binding Biological Process: GO:0000098 sulfur amino acid catabolic process GO:0001666 response to hypoxia GO:0006662 glycerol ether metabolic process GO:0006979 response to oxidative stress GO:0009725 response to hormone GO:0009749 response to glucose GO:0014070 response to organic cyclic compound GO:0031669 cellular response to nutrient levels GO:0042493 response to drug GO:0045454 cell redox homeostasis GO:0048678 response to axon injury GO:0055114 oxidation-reduction process Cellular Component: GO:0005730 nucleolus GO:0005739 mitochondrion GO:0005759 mitochondrial matrix GO:0030425 dendrite GO:0043025 neuronal cell body

Descriptions from all associated GenBank mRNAs


	KX533493 - Homo sapiens mitochondrial thioredoxin (TXN) mRNA, complete cds; nuclear gene for mitochondrial product. AK130187 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ26677 fis, clone MPG03732, highly similar to Mitochondrial thioredoxin precursor (MT-TRX). AF480262 - Homo sapiens mitochondrial thioredoxin mRNA, complete cds; nuclear gene for mitochondrial product. AK123361 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ41367 fis, clone BRCAN2005436. JD429482 - Sequence 410506 from Patent EP1572962. JD045972 - Sequence 26996 from Patent EP1572962. JD362335 - Sequence 343359 from Patent EP1572962. JD228181 - Sequence 209205 from Patent EP1572962. JD183797 - Sequence 164821 from Patent EP1572962. JD088846 - Sequence 69870 from Patent EP1572962. JD493586 - Sequence 474610 from Patent EP1572962. BC013726 - Homo sapiens thioredoxin 2, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:5312 IMAGE:2900137), complete cds. BC050610 - Homo sapiens thioredoxin 2, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:60066 IMAGE:6093567), complete cds. JD545907 - Sequence 526931 from Patent EP1572962. JD403455 - Sequence 384479 from Patent EP1572962. JD079198 - Sequence 60222 from Patent EP1572962. JD388527 - Sequence 369551 from Patent EP1572962. JD086114 - Sequence 67138 from Patent EP1572962. U78678 - Human thioredoxin mRNA, nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, complete cds. JD110264 - Sequence 91288 from Patent EP1572962. JD126998 - Sequence 108022 from Patent EP1572962. JD215156 - Sequence 196180 from Patent EP1572962. JD443063 - Sequence 424087 from Patent EP1572962. JD460241 - Sequence 441265 from Patent EP1572962. JD536753 - Sequence 517777 from Patent EP1572962. JD255338 - Sequence 236362 from Patent EP1572962. AF276920 - Homo sapiens thioredoxin 2 (TRX2) mRNA, complete cds. JD393964 - Sequence 374988 from Patent EP1572962. JD129687 - Sequence 110711 from Patent EP1572962. AK301837 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ55158 complete cds, highly similar to Thioredoxin, mitochondrial precursor. CR456601 - Homo sapiens TXN2 full length open reading frame (ORF) cDNA clone (cDNA clone C22ORF:pGEM.TXN2). CU013201 - Homo sapiens TXN2, mRNA (cDNA clone IMAGE:100000554), complete cds, with stop codon, in Gateway system. CR541896 - Homo sapiens full open reading frame cDNA clone RZPDo834B1033D for gene TXN2, thioredoxin 2; complete cds, incl. stopcodon. KJ893472 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone ccsbBroadEn_02866 TXN2 gene, encodes complete protein. DQ891579 - Synthetic construct clone IMAGE:100004209; FLH178316.01X; RZPDo839B10128D thioredoxin 2 (TXN2) gene, encodes complete protein. DQ894772 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone IMAGE:100009232; FLH178312.01L; RZPDo839B10127D thioredoxin 2 (TXN2) gene, encodes complete protein. DQ895044 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone IMAGE:100009504; FLH263693.01L; RZPDo839E04133D thioredoxin 2 (TXN2) gene, encodes complete protein. AB528845 - Synthetic construct DNA, clone: pF1KE0548, Homo sapiens TXN2 gene for thioredoxin 2, without stop codon, in Flexi system. CR541917 - Homo sapiens full open reading frame cDNA clone RZPDo834G0733D for gene TXN2, thioredoxin 2; complete cds, without stopcodon. CU013489 - Homo sapiens TXN2, mRNA (cDNA clone IMAGE:100000458), complete cds, without stop codon, in Gateway system. CU680656 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens gateway clone IMAGE:100020197 5' read TXN2 mRNA. JD318085 - Sequence 299109 from Patent EP1572962. JD402935 - Sequence 383959 from Patent EP1572962.

Biochemical and Signaling Pathways


	Reactome (by CSHL, EBI, and GO) Protein Q99757 (Reactome details) participates in the following event(s): R-HSA-3322995 PRDX3,5 catalyze TXN2 reduced + H2O2 => TXN2 oxidized + 2H2O R-HSA-3697894 PRDX5 reduces peroxynitrite to nitrite using TXN2 R-HSA-9035227 TXN2 binds CysS248-MPST R-HSA-3323050 TXNRD2 catalyzes the reduction of TXN2 by NADPH R-HSA-9035484 CysS248-MPST:TXN2 dissociates R-HSA-3299685 Detoxification of Reactive Oxygen Species R-HSA-1614558 Degradation of cysteine and homocysteine R-HSA-2262752 Cellular responses to stress R-HSA-1614635 Sulfur amino acid metabolism R-HSA-8953897 Cellular responses to external stimuli R-HSA-71291 Metabolism of nitrogenous molecules R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism

Other Names for This Gene


	Alternate Gene Symbols: ENST00000216185.1, ENST00000216185.2, ENST00000216185.3, ENST00000216185.4, ENST00000216185.5, ENST00000216185.6, NM_012473, Q5JZA0, Q6FH60, Q99757, Q9UH29, THIOM_HUMAN, TRX2, uc317cpa.1, uc317cpa.2 UCSC ID: ENST00000216185.7_7 RefSeq Accession: NM_012473.4 Protein: Q99757 (aka THIOM_HUMAN)

Gene Model Information


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Methods, Credits, and Use Restrictions


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