Human Gene GNG4 (ENST00000391854.7_8) from GENCODE V47lift37
  Description: G protein subunit gamma 4, transcript variant 1 (from RefSeq NM_001098722.2)
Gencode Transcript: ENST00000391854.7_8
Gencode Gene: ENSG00000168243.11_10
Transcript (Including UTRs)
   Position: hg19 chr1:235,710,985-235,813,084 Size: 102,100 Total Exon Count: 4 Strand: -
Coding Region
   Position: hg19 chr1:235,715,409-235,747,138 Size: 31,730 Coding Exon Count: 2 

Page IndexSequence and LinksUniProtKB CommentsPrimersCTDGene Alleles
RNA-Seq ExpressionMicroarray ExpressionRNA StructureProtein StructureOther SpeciesGO Annotations
mRNA DescriptionsPathwaysOther NamesModel InformationMethods
Data last updated at UCSC: 2024-08-22 23:36:26

-  Sequence and Links to Tools and Databases
 
Genomic Sequence (chr1:235,710,985-235,813,084)mRNA (may differ from genome)Protein (75 aa)
Gene SorterGenome BrowserOther Species FASTAVisiGeneGene interactionsTable Schema
AlphaFoldBioGPSEnsemblEntrez GeneExonPrimerGeneCards
HGNCMGIOMIMPubMedReactomeUniProtKB
WikipediaBioGrid CRISPR DB

-  Comments and Description Text from UniProtKB
  ID: GBG4_HUMAN
DESCRIPTION: RecName: Full=Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4; Flags: Precursor;
FUNCTION: Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein- effector interaction.
SUBUNIT: G proteins are composed of 3 units, alpha, beta and gamma. Interacts with beta-1 and beta-2, but not with beta-3.
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side (Potential).
TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Brain, kidney, pancreas, skeletal muscle and faintly in cardiac muscle.
SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G protein gamma family.

-  Primer design for this transcript
 

Primer3Plus can design qPCR Primers that straddle exon-exon-junctions, which amplify only cDNA, not genomic DNA.
Click here to load the transcript sequence and exon structure into Primer3Plus

Exonprimer can design one pair of Sanger sequencing primers around every exon, located in non-genic sequence.
Click here to open Exonprimer with this transcript

To design primers for a non-coding sequence, zoom to a region of interest and select from the drop-down menu: View > In External Tools > Primer3


-  Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)
  The following chemicals interact with this gene           more ... click here to view the complete list

+  Common Gene Haplotype Alleles
  Press "+" in the title bar above to open this section.

-  RNA-Seq Expression Data from GTEx (53 Tissues, 570 Donors)
  Highest median expression: 20.85 RPKM in Brain - Hypothalamus
Total median expression: 188.37 RPKM



View in GTEx track of Genome Browser    View at GTEx portal     View GTEx Body Map

+  Microarray Expression Data
  Press "+" in the title bar above to open this section.

-  mRNA Secondary Structure of 3' and 5' UTRs
 
RegionFold EnergyBasesEnergy/Base
Display As
5' UTR -97.10245-0.396 Picture PostScript Text
3' UTR -1371.404424-0.310 Picture PostScript Text

The RNAfold program from the Vienna RNA Package is used to perform the secondary structure predictions and folding calculations. The estimated folding energy is in kcal/mol. The more negative the energy, the more secondary structure the RNA is likely to have.

-  Protein Domain and Structure Information
  InterPro Domains: Graphical view of domain structure
IPR015898 - G-protein_gamma-like_dom
IPR001770 - Gprotein-gamma

Pfam Domains:
PF00631 - GGL domain

SCOP Domains:
48670 - Transducin (heterotrimeric G protein), gamma chain

ModBase Predicted Comparative 3D Structure on P50150
FrontTopSide
The pictures above may be empty if there is no ModBase structure for the protein. The ModBase structure frequently covers just a fragment of the protein. You may be asked to log onto ModBase the first time you click on the pictures. It is simplest after logging in to just click on the picture again to get to the specific info on that model.

-  Orthologous Genes in Other Species
  Orthologies between human, mouse, and rat are computed by taking the best BLASTP hit, and filtering out non-syntenic hits. For more distant species reciprocal-best BLASTP hits are used. Note that the absence of an ortholog in the table below may reflect incomplete annotations in the other species rather than a true absence of the orthologous gene.
MouseRatZebrafishD. melanogasterC. elegansS. cerevisiae
No orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo orthologNo ortholog
Gene DetailsGene Details    
Gene SorterGene Sorter    
 RGD    
      
      

-  Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations with Structured Vocabulary
  Molecular Function:
GO:0003924 GTPase activity
GO:0004871 signal transducer activity
GO:0005515 protein binding

Biological Process:
GO:0007165 signal transduction
GO:0007186 G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
GO:0008277 regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
GO:0030308 negative regulation of cell growth

Cellular Component:
GO:0005834 heterotrimeric G-protein complex
GO:0005886 plasma membrane
GO:0016020 membrane
GO:0070062 extracellular exosome


-  Descriptions from all associated GenBank mRNAs
  AK091506 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ34187 fis, clone FCBBF3017233.
AX747026 - Sequence 551 from Patent EP1308459.
BC022485 - Homo sapiens guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 4, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:26316 IMAGE:4799603), complete cds.
AK311781 - Homo sapiens cDNA, FLJ92042, Homo sapiens guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma4 (GNG4), mRNA.
AL832564 - Homo sapiens mRNA; cDNA DKFZp547K1018 (from clone DKFZp547K1018).
AK074383 - Homo sapiens cDNA FLJ23803 fis, clone HEP22811.
JD185899 - Sequence 166923 from Patent EP1572962.
JD231416 - Sequence 212440 from Patent EP1572962.
JD219364 - Sequence 200388 from Patent EP1572962.
JD085533 - Sequence 66557 from Patent EP1572962.
JD385883 - Sequence 366907 from Patent EP1572962.
JD525684 - Sequence 506708 from Patent EP1572962.
JD140739 - Sequence 121763 from Patent EP1572962.
JD143278 - Sequence 124302 from Patent EP1572962.
JD453265 - Sequence 434289 from Patent EP1572962.
JD296877 - Sequence 277901 from Patent EP1572962.
JD131523 - Sequence 112547 from Patent EP1572962.
JD306752 - Sequence 287776 from Patent EP1572962.
JD413272 - Sequence 394296 from Patent EP1572962.
JD426764 - Sequence 407788 from Patent EP1572962.
JD257489 - Sequence 238513 from Patent EP1572962.
JD161738 - Sequence 142762 from Patent EP1572962.
JD291194 - Sequence 272218 from Patent EP1572962.
JD298674 - Sequence 279698 from Patent EP1572962.
JD167156 - Sequence 148180 from Patent EP1572962.
JD299085 - Sequence 280109 from Patent EP1572962.
JD521991 - Sequence 503015 from Patent EP1572962.
JD418778 - Sequence 399802 from Patent EP1572962.
JD514148 - Sequence 495172 from Patent EP1572962.
JD454490 - Sequence 435514 from Patent EP1572962.
JD224204 - Sequence 205228 from Patent EP1572962.
JD148556 - Sequence 129580 from Patent EP1572962.
JD326330 - Sequence 307354 from Patent EP1572962.
JD174942 - Sequence 155966 from Patent EP1572962.
JD167716 - Sequence 148740 from Patent EP1572962.
JD086552 - Sequence 67576 from Patent EP1572962.
JD519281 - Sequence 500305 from Patent EP1572962.
JD296651 - Sequence 277675 from Patent EP1572962.
JD081999 - Sequence 63023 from Patent EP1572962.
JD303708 - Sequence 284732 from Patent EP1572962.
JD236902 - Sequence 217926 from Patent EP1572962.
JD473457 - Sequence 454481 from Patent EP1572962.
JD137157 - Sequence 118181 from Patent EP1572962.
JD142415 - Sequence 123439 from Patent EP1572962.
JD535976 - Sequence 517000 from Patent EP1572962.
JD092159 - Sequence 73183 from Patent EP1572962.
JD415011 - Sequence 396035 from Patent EP1572962.
JD312231 - Sequence 293255 from Patent EP1572962.
JD513372 - Sequence 494396 from Patent EP1572962.
JD119789 - Sequence 100813 from Patent EP1572962.
JD331026 - Sequence 312050 from Patent EP1572962.
JD242726 - Sequence 223750 from Patent EP1572962.
JD563618 - Sequence 544642 from Patent EP1572962.
JD329924 - Sequence 310948 from Patent EP1572962.
JD416513 - Sequence 397537 from Patent EP1572962.
JD397986 - Sequence 379010 from Patent EP1572962.
JD070295 - Sequence 51319 from Patent EP1572962.
JD499754 - Sequence 480778 from Patent EP1572962.
JD522867 - Sequence 503891 from Patent EP1572962.
JD337462 - Sequence 318486 from Patent EP1572962.
JD371216 - Sequence 352240 from Patent EP1572962.
JD514391 - Sequence 495415 from Patent EP1572962.
JD524661 - Sequence 505685 from Patent EP1572962.
JD352432 - Sequence 333456 from Patent EP1572962.
JD523147 - Sequence 504171 from Patent EP1572962.
JD161679 - Sequence 142703 from Patent EP1572962.
JD192098 - Sequence 173122 from Patent EP1572962.
JD270948 - Sequence 251972 from Patent EP1572962.
JD265920 - Sequence 246944 from Patent EP1572962.
JD392645 - Sequence 373669 from Patent EP1572962.
JD491153 - Sequence 472177 from Patent EP1572962.
JD345132 - Sequence 326156 from Patent EP1572962.
JD116285 - Sequence 97309 from Patent EP1572962.
JD148692 - Sequence 129716 from Patent EP1572962.
JD222242 - Sequence 203266 from Patent EP1572962.
JD231506 - Sequence 212530 from Patent EP1572962.
JD323291 - Sequence 304315 from Patent EP1572962.
JD396846 - Sequence 377870 from Patent EP1572962.
JD314157 - Sequence 295181 from Patent EP1572962.
JD177616 - Sequence 158640 from Patent EP1572962.
JD414697 - Sequence 395721 from Patent EP1572962.
JD488093 - Sequence 469117 from Patent EP1572962.
JD306793 - Sequence 287817 from Patent EP1572962.
JD476672 - Sequence 457696 from Patent EP1572962.
JD246248 - Sequence 227272 from Patent EP1572962.
JD256512 - Sequence 237536 from Patent EP1572962.
JD560660 - Sequence 541684 from Patent EP1572962.
JD414695 - Sequence 395719 from Patent EP1572962.
JD242492 - Sequence 223516 from Patent EP1572962.
JD398729 - Sequence 379753 from Patent EP1572962.
JD070511 - Sequence 51535 from Patent EP1572962.
JD463313 - Sequence 444337 from Patent EP1572962.
JD337753 - Sequence 318777 from Patent EP1572962.
JD371354 - Sequence 352378 from Patent EP1572962.
JD514499 - Sequence 495523 from Patent EP1572962.
JD414569 - Sequence 395593 from Patent EP1572962.
JD131754 - Sequence 112778 from Patent EP1572962.
JD321565 - Sequence 302589 from Patent EP1572962.
JD463312 - Sequence 444336 from Patent EP1572962.
JD337752 - Sequence 318776 from Patent EP1572962.
JD463311 - Sequence 444335 from Patent EP1572962.
JD337750 - Sequence 318774 from Patent EP1572962.
JD414568 - Sequence 395592 from Patent EP1572962.
JD352570 - Sequence 333594 from Patent EP1572962.
JD160645 - Sequence 141669 from Patent EP1572962.
JD555835 - Sequence 536859 from Patent EP1572962.
U31382 - Human G protein gamma-4 subunit mRNA, complete cds.
JD230245 - Sequence 211269 from Patent EP1572962.
JD433252 - Sequence 414276 from Patent EP1572962.
AF493872 - Homo sapiens guanine nucleotide binding protein gamma 4 (GNG4) mRNA, complete cds.
KJ891263 - Synthetic construct Homo sapiens clone ccsbBroadEn_00657 GNG4 gene, encodes complete protein.
AB463709 - Synthetic construct DNA, clone: pF1KB3711, Homo sapiens GNG4 gene for guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma 4, without stop codon, in Flexi system.
DQ578594 - Homo sapiens piRNA piR-46706, complete sequence.

-  Biochemical and Signaling Pathways
  Reactome (by CSHL, EBI, and GO)

Protein P50150 (Reactome details) participates in the following event(s):

R-HSA-6814418 PDCL promotes formation of G-beta:G-gamma heterodimers
R-HSA-825631 Glucagon:GCGR mediates GTP-GDP exchange
R-HSA-167433 G-protein beta-gamma subunits rebind the alpha-GDP subunit
R-HSA-392295 Gbeta:gamma recruits PI3K gamma
R-HSA-398040 Gbeta:gamma activation of PLC beta
R-HSA-750988 Inactive G alpha (z) reassociates with G beta:gamma
R-HSA-750993 Inactive G alpha (q) reassociates with G beta:gamma
R-HSA-751001 Inactive G alpha (i) reassociates with G beta:gamma
R-HSA-751013 Inactive G alpha (s) reassociates with G beta:gamma
R-HSA-751039 Inactive G alpha (12/13) reassociates with G beta:gamma
R-HSA-112271 The receptor:G-protein complex dissociates
R-HSA-392202 Dissociation of the P2Y purinoceptor 12:Gi complex
R-HSA-392874 Dissociation of the Prostacyclin receptor:Gs complex
R-HSA-397835 Dissociation of the PAR:Gq complex
R-HSA-397891 Dissociation of the PAR:G12/13 complex
R-HSA-418576 Dissociation of the P2Y purinoceptor 1:Gq complex
R-HSA-428752 Dissociation of the TP:Gq complex
R-HSA-428918 Dissociation of the TP:G13 complex
R-HSA-744886 The Ligand:GPCR:Gs complex dissociates
R-HSA-749452 The Ligand:GPCR:Gq complex dissociates
R-HSA-749454 The Ligand:GPCR:Gi complex dissociates
R-HSA-751019 The Ligand:GPCR:G12/13 complex dissociates
R-HSA-751024 The Ligand:GPCR:Gz complex dissociates
R-HSA-3965447 G-protein subunits dissociate from WNT:FZD complex
R-HSA-8982640 G-alpha(t):G-beta-gamma:Opsins complex dissociates to active G-alpha(t)
R-HSA-8850560 G-protein alpha releases G-protein heterotrimer from PDCL
R-HSA-400097 G-beta:G-gamma inhibits Adenylate cyclase
R-HSA-400037 Gi,Go Heterotrimeric G-protein complex dissociates
R-HSA-422320 Heterotrimeric G(s) complex dissociates
R-HSA-396996 Thrombin-activated PAR binds G-protein Gq
R-HSA-418581 Activated P2Y purinoceptor 1 binds G-protein Gq
R-HSA-428749 Activated TP receptor binds G-proten Gq
R-HSA-749448 Liganded Gq-activating GPCRs bind inactive heterotrimeric Gq
R-HSA-167408 The high affinity receptor complex binds to G-protein
R-HSA-392852 Activated prostacyclin receptor binds G-protein Gs
R-HSA-744887 Liganded Gs-activating GPCRs bind inactive heterotrimeric Gs
R-HSA-749446 Liganded Gz-activating GPCRs bind inactive heterotrimeric G-protein Gz
R-HSA-392187 Activated P2Y purinoceptor 12 binds G-protein Gi
R-HSA-749456 Liganded Gi-activating GPCRs bind inactive heterotrimeric G-protein Gi
R-HSA-500717 Activation of GRIK3 homomer
R-HSA-428909 Activated TP receptor binds G-protein G13
R-HSA-8982637 Opsins binds G alpha-t
R-HSA-3965444 WNT:FZD complex promotes G-protein nucleotide exchange
R-HSA-3965441 FZD recruits trimeric G-proteins
R-HSA-167429 The receptor:G-protein complex binds GTP
R-HSA-167419 The receptor:G-protein complex releases GDP
R-HSA-400092 Alpha-2A,alpha-2C Adrenergic Receptors activate Gi.Go heterotrimeric G proteins
R-HSA-381706 GLP-1R:GLP-1 activates G(s)
R-HSA-381612 Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor (GLP1R) binds Glucagon-like peptide-1
R-HSA-432188 AVP:AVPR2 Complex binds inactive heterotrimeric G(s) complex
R-HSA-396941 Thrombin-activated PAR binds G-protein G12/13
R-HSA-751027 Liganded G12/13-activating GPCRs bind inactive heterotrimeric G-protein G12/13
R-HSA-114558 Gq activation by PAR
R-HSA-418579 Gq activation by P2Y purinoceptor 1
R-HSA-428750 Gq activation by TP receptor
R-HSA-379048 Liganded Gq/11-activating GPCRs act as GEFs for Gq/11
R-HSA-392870 Gs activation by prostacyclin receptor
R-HSA-379044 Liganded Gs-activating GPCR acts as a GEF for Gs
R-HSA-749453 Liganded Gz-activating GPCR acts as a GEF for Gz
R-HSA-392195 Gi activation by P2Y purinoceptor 12
R-HSA-380073 Liganded Gi-activating GPCR acts as a GEF for Gi
R-HSA-392300 G beta:gamma activated PI3Kgamma converts PIP2 to PIP3
R-HSA-398193 PLC beta-mediated PIP2 hydrolysis
R-HSA-428917 G13 activation by TP receptor
R-HSA-420883 Opsins act as GEFs for G alpha-t
R-HSA-432195 AVP:AVPR2:heterotrimeric G(s) complex exchanges GDP for GTP
R-HSA-1013020 Activation of GIRK/Kir3 Channels
R-HSA-114552 G12/13 activation by PAR
R-HSA-751029 Liganded G12/13-activating GPCR acts as a GEF for G12/13
R-HSA-6814122 Cooperation of PDCL (PhLP1) and TRiC/CCT in G-protein beta folding
R-HSA-163359 Glucagon signaling in metabolic regulation
R-HSA-202040 G-protein activation
R-HSA-392451 G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma
R-HSA-418217 G beta:gamma signalling through PLC beta
R-HSA-4086398 Ca2+ pathway
R-HSA-418597 G alpha (z) signalling events
R-HSA-416476 G alpha (q) signalling events
R-HSA-418594 G alpha (i) signalling events
R-HSA-418555 G alpha (s) signalling events
R-HSA-416482 G alpha (12/13) signalling events
R-HSA-392170 ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12
R-HSA-392851 Prostacyclin signalling through prostacyclin receptor
R-HSA-456926 Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs)
R-HSA-418592 ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 1
R-HSA-428930 Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor
R-HSA-390466 Chaperonin-mediated protein folding
R-HSA-400042 Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion
R-HSA-381676 Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) regulates insulin secretion
R-HSA-432040 Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via Aquaporins
R-HSA-163685 Energy Metabolism
R-HSA-500657 Presynaptic function of Kainate receptors
R-HSA-111885 Opioid Signalling
R-HSA-397795 G-protein beta:gamma signalling
R-HSA-3858494 Beta-catenin independent WNT signaling
R-HSA-388396 GPCR downstream signalling
R-HSA-392518 Signal amplification
R-HSA-418346 Platelet homeostasis
R-HSA-76002 Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation
R-HSA-391251 Protein folding
R-HSA-420092 Glucagon-type ligand receptors
R-HSA-422356 Regulation of insulin secretion
R-HSA-445717 Aquaporin-mediated transport
R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism
R-HSA-451326 Activation of kainate receptors upon glutamate binding
R-HSA-195721 Signaling by WNT
R-HSA-372790 Signaling by GPCR
R-HSA-109582 Hemostasis
R-HSA-392499 Metabolism of proteins
R-HSA-373080 Class B/2 (Secretin family receptors)
R-HSA-382551 Transport of small molecules
R-HSA-997272 Inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+ channels via Gbeta/gamma subunits
R-HSA-1296041 Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels
R-HSA-112314 Neurotransmitter receptors and postsynaptic signal transmission
R-HSA-162582 Signal Transduction
R-HSA-500792 GPCR ligand binding
R-HSA-991365 Activation of GABAB receptors
R-HSA-1296059 G protein gated Potassium channels
R-HSA-112315 Transmission across Chemical Synapses
R-HSA-977444 GABA B receptor activation
R-HSA-1296065 Inwardly rectifying K+ channels
R-HSA-112316 Neuronal System
R-HSA-977443 GABA receptor activation
R-HSA-1296071 Potassium Channels

-  Other Names for This Gene
  Alternate Gene Symbols: ENST00000391854.1, ENST00000391854.2, ENST00000391854.3, ENST00000391854.4, ENST00000391854.5, ENST00000391854.6, GBG4_HUMAN, GNGT4, NM_001098722, P50150, uc318uqz.1, uc318uqz.2
UCSC ID: ENST00000391854.7_8
RefSeq Accession: NM_001098722.2
Protein: P50150 (aka GBG4_HUMAN)

-  Gene Model Information
  Click here for a detailed description of the fields of the table above.

-  Methods, Credits, and Use Restrictions
  Click here for details on how this gene model was made and data restrictions if any.